Fast forward to the twentieth century and John Dewey in his book Experience and Education (1938), was one of the first modern scholars to really focus on how human beings learn through a 'hands-on' approach. Dewey embraced the idea of pragmatism in education, believing that constructive engagement with reality would naturally inspire learning: “Give the pupils something to do, not something to learn; and the doing is of such a nature as to demand thinking; learning naturally results.” However, the most influential thinker on experiential learning is David Kolb. Kolb’s experiential learning cycle (1984) still stands as the go to reference point on how this type of learning works. The experiential learning cycle The cycle basically involves four stages, namely: concrete learning, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation and active experimentation. Effective learning can be seen when the learner progresses through the cycle. The learner can also enter the cycle at any stage if the approach is logical.